Safeguarding legislation
The UK’s four nations (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) each have their own child protection system and laws in place to safeguard and protect children.
The government within each of the four nations (England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland) is responsible for its own policies and laws.
They each have structured frameworks of legislation, guidance and policy in place to identify children who are at risk of harm, take action to protect those children and prevent further abuse occurring.
The relevant legislation and statutory guidance for each of the nation’s includes:
- Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health et al. Looked after children: Knowledge, skills and competence of health care staff 2015
- Royal College of General Practitioners and NSPCC. Safeguarding Children and Young People: A toolkit for General Practice 2014
- Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) et al. Safeguarding Children and Young People: Roles and Competences for Health Care Staff 2014
- General Medical Council. Good Medical Practice 2013
- Quality standard for the health and wellbeing of looked-after children and young people 2013
- General Medical Council. Protecting Children and Young People: The responsibilities of all doctors 2012
- British Medical Association. Child protection: a toolkit for doctors 2009
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). When to Suspect Child Maltreatment 2009
- General Medical Council. 0-18 Guidance for all doctors 2007
- Childcare Act 2006
- Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006
- United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
- Prevention of Cruelty to, and Protection of, Children Act 1889
- Department for Education. Working Together to Safeguard Children 2019
- Children and Social Work Act 2017
- Children and Young People’s Health Outcomes Forum 2012-2016
- Department for Education. Promoting the health and welfare of looked-after children Statutory guidance for local authorities, clinical commissioning groups and NHS England 2015
- Children and Families Act 2014
- NHS England. Safeguarding Vulnerable People in the Reformed NHS: Accountability and Assurance Framework 2013
- Health and Social Care Act 2012
- The Munro Review of Child Protection: a child-centred system 2011
- Children and Young Persons Act 2008
- Children Act 2004
- Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003
- Children Act 1989
- Protecting children and young people Framework of Standards 2004
- Scottish Government. Getting it right for every child 2017
- Scottish Government. Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014: National Guidance on Part 12: Services in Relation to Children At Risk of Becoming Looked After 2016
- Scottish Government. National Action Plan to Prevent and Tackle Child Sexual Exploitation (Update) 2016
- Scottish Government. National Guidance for Child Protection Committees for Conducting a Significant Case Review 2015
- Scottish Government. Children and Young People’s (Scotland) Act 2014
- Scottish Government. National Guidance for Child Protection in Scotland 2014
- Scottish Government. Child Protection Guidance for Health Professionals 2013
- Scottish Government. A guide to Getting it Right for Every Child 2012
- Scottish Government. National Framework for Child Protection Learning and Development in Scotland 2012
- Children’s Hearings (Scotland Act) 2011
- The Protection of Children (Scotland) Act 2003
- Scottish Government. Protecting Children – A Shared Responsibility 2000
- Children (Scotland) Act 1995
- The Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991
- Welsh Assembly Government. Protecting Children in Wales. Guidance for Arrangements for Multi-Agency Child Practice Reviews 2013
- Welsh Assembly Government. Violence Against Women Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) Act 2015
- Welsh Assembly Government. Social Services and Well-being (Wales) Act 2014
- Welsh Assembly Government. All Wales Child Protection Procedures. Welsh Assembly Government, 2008
- Welsh Assembly Government. Safeguarding Children – Working Together Under the Children Act 2004
- Welsh Assembly Government. Safeguarding Children: Working Together for Positive Outcomes 2004
- Children Act 2004
- National Assembly for Wales. Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families 2001
- Children Act 1989
- Northern Ireland Orders in Council. Protection of Children & Vulnerable Adults (NI) Order 2003
- Northern Ireland Orders in Council. The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups (Northern Ireland) Order 2007
- Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly. Safeguarding Board Act (Northern Ireland) 2011
- Department of Health (Northern Ireland). Co-operating to Safeguard Children and Young People in Northern Ireland 2017
- Department of Health. Protocol for joint investigation by social workers and police officers of alleged abuse and suspected cases of child abuse – Northern Ireland 2013
- Department of Health. Understanding the Needs of Children in Northern Ireland (UNOCINI) Guidance 2011
- Department of Health. Area Child Protection Committees, Regional Policies and Procedures 2005
- Northern Ireland Orders in Council. Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995
The statutory guidance in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland highlights how key staff training is.
To protect children and young people from harm, and help improve their wellbeing, all healthcare staff must have the competences to recognise child maltreatment, opportunities to improve childhood wellbeing, and to take effective action as appropriate to their role.